Refactoring Pong using Object-Oriented Python

Since writing my blog post explaining how to Write Pong Using Python and Pygame the guys over at Webucator (a Python Training Company)  have refactored it to include OOP. They have created an excellent video tutorial on this as part of their new free self-paced "Python Solutions from the Web" course they are developing.

You should definitely check out the video as they really have done an awesome job!

Nat who helped create the tutorial was also kind enough to provide the source code which I have included below, which will help you follow the video.

Enjoy!

import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *

# Set up the colours
BLACK     = (0,0,0)
WHITE     = (255,255,255)

window_width = 400
window_height = 300

display_surf = pygame.display.set_mode((window_width,window_height))

fps_clock = pygame.time.Clock()
fps = 40 # Number of frames per second

class Game():
    def __init__(self,line_thickness=10,speed=5):
        self.line_thickness = line_thickness
        self.speed = speed
        self.score = 0
        
        #Initiate variable and set starting positions
        #any future changes made within rectangles
        ball_x = int(window_width/2 - self.line_thickness/2)
        ball_y = int(window_height/2 - self.line_thickness/2)
        self.ball = Ball(ball_x,ball_y,self.line_thickness,
                         self.line_thickness,self.speed)
        self.paddles = {}
        paddle_height = 50
        paddle_width = self.line_thickness
        user_paddle_x = 20
        computer_paddle_x = window_width - paddle_width - 20
        self.paddles['user'] = Paddle(user_paddle_x,
                                      paddle_width, paddle_height)
        self.paddles['computer'] = AutoPaddle(computer_paddle_x,
                                              paddle_width, paddle_height,
                                              self.ball, self.speed)
        self.scoreboard = Scoreboard(0)


    #Draws the arena the game will be played in. 
    def draw_arena(self):
        display_surf.fill((0,0,0))
        #Draw outline of arena
        pygame.draw.rect(display_surf, WHITE,
                         ((0,0),(window_width,window_height)),
                         self.line_thickness*2)
        #Draw centre line
        pygame.draw.line(display_surf, WHITE,
                         (int(window_width/2),0),
                         (int(window_width/2),window_height),
                         int(self.line_thickness/4))

    def update(self):
        self.ball.move()
        self.paddles['computer'].move()

        if self.ball.hit_paddle(self.paddles['computer']):
            self.ball.bounce('x')
        elif self.ball.hit_paddle(self.paddles['user']):
            self.ball.bounce('x')
            self.score += 1
        elif self.ball.pass_computer():
            self.score += 5
        elif self.ball.pass_player():
            self.score = 0

        self.draw_arena()
        self.ball.draw()
        self.paddles['user'].draw()
        self.paddles['computer'].draw()
        self.scoreboard.display(self.score)
            

class Paddle(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self,x,w,h):
        self.x = x
        self.w = w
        self.h = h
        self.y = int(window_height / 2 - self.h / 2)
        #Creates Rectangle for paddle.
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(self.x, self.y, self.w, self.h)

    #Draws the paddle
    def draw(self):
        #Stops paddle moving too low
        if self.rect.bottom > window_height - self.w:
            self.rect.bottom = window_height - self.w
        #Stops paddle moving too high
        elif self.rect.top < self.w:
            self.rect.top = self.w
        #Draws paddle
        pygame.draw.rect(display_surf, WHITE, self.rect)

    #Moves the paddle
    def move(self,pos):
        self.rect.y = pos[1]

class AutoPaddle(Paddle):
    def __init__(self,x,w,h,ball,speed):
        super().__init__(x,w,h)
        self.ball = ball
        self.speed = speed
     
    def move(self):
        #If ball is moving away from paddle, center bat
        if self.ball.dir_x == -1:
            if self.rect.centery < int(window_height/2):
                self.rect.y += self.speed
            elif self.rect.centery > int(window_height/2):
                self.rect.y -= self.speed
        #if ball moving towards bat, track its movement. 
        elif self.ball.dir_x == 1:
            if self.rect.centery < self.ball.rect.centery:
                self.rect.y += self.speed
            else:
                self.rect.y -= self.speed

class Ball(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self,x,y,w,h,speed):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.w = w
        self.h = h
        self.speed = speed
        self.dir_x = -1  ## -1 = left 1 = right
        self.dir_y = -1 ## -1 = up 1 = down
        
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(self.x, self.y, self.w, self.h)

    #draws the ball
    def draw(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(display_surf, WHITE, self.rect)

    #moves the ball returns new position
    def move(self):
        self.rect.x += (self.dir_x * self.speed)
        self.rect.y += (self.dir_y * self.speed)

        #Checks for a collision with a wall, and 'bounces' ball off it.
        if self.hit_ceiling() or self.hit_floor():
            self.bounce('y')
        if self.hit_wall():
            self.bounce('x')

    def bounce(self,axis):
        if axis == 'x':
            self.dir_x *= -1
        elif axis == 'y':
            self.dir_y *= -1

    def hit_paddle(self,paddle):
        if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self,paddle):
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def hit_wall(self):
        if ((self.dir_x == -1 and self.rect.left <= self.w) or
            (self.dir_x == 1 and self.rect.right >= window_width - self.w)):
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def hit_ceiling(self):
        if self.dir_y == -1 and self.rect.top <= self.w:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def hit_floor(self):
        if self.dir_y == 1 and self.rect.bottom >= window_height - self.w:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def pass_player(self):
        if self.rect.left <= self.w:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def pass_computer(self):
        if self.rect.right >= window_width - self.w:
            return True
        else:
            return False

class Scoreboard():
    def __init__(self,score=0,x=window_width-150,y=25,font_size=20):
        self.score = score
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.font = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', font_size)

    #Displays the current score on the screen
    def display(self,score):
        self.score = score
        result_surf = self.font.render('Score = %s' %(self.score), True, WHITE)
        rect = result_surf.get_rect()
        rect.topleft = (self.x, self.y)
        display_surf.blit(result_surf, rect)


#Main function
def main():
    pygame.init()
    pygame.display.set_caption('Pong')
    pygame.mouse.set_visible(0) # make cursor invisible
    
    game = Game(speed=4)
    
    while True: #main game loop
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            # mouse movement commands
            elif event.type == MOUSEMOTION:
                game.paddles['user'].move(event.pos)

        game.update()
        pygame.display.update()
        fps_clock.tick(fps)

if __name__=='__main__':
    main()